{"id":3314,"date":"2026-11-04T16:08:31","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T08:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314"},"modified":"2026-11-04T16:11:47","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T08:11:47","slug":"linux-%e6%96%b0%e5%bb%ba-ssh-sftp-%e9%9a%94%e7%a6%bb%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u65b0\u5efa SSH\/SFTP \u9694\u79bb\u7528\u6237"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9002\u7528\u73af\u5883\uff1aCentOS Stream 9 \/ RHEL 9\uff0cx86_64\uff0cOpenSSH\uff0cSELinux Enforcing\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 SSH\/SFTP \u9694\u79bb\u8d26\u53f7\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3a <code>test<\/code>\uff0c\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u4e3a <code>xxx.com:22<\/code>\uff0c\u5185\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u4e3a <code>192.168.1.1:22<\/code>\u3002\u8d26\u53f7\u3001\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u6309\u5b9e\u9645\u73af\u5883\u4fee\u6539\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5747\u7531 root \u624b\u5de5\u9010\u6761\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u6216\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#1_%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E5%92%8C%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F\" >1. \u8def\u5f84\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#2_%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%8E%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83\" >2. \u51c6\u5907\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0e\u68c0\u67e5\u73af\u5883<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#3_%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BD_SSH_%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%B9%B6%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7\" >3. \u5907\u4efd SSH \u914d\u7f6e\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#4_%E4%BB%8E%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E9%9A%94%E7%A6%BB%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83\" >4. \u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u5efa\u7acb\u9694\u79bb\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#41_%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95\" >4.1 \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#42_%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6_Bash%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C_SFTP_%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F\" >4.2 \u590d\u5236 Bash\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u548c SFTP \u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#43_%E6%A0%B8%E5%AF%B9%E5%B9%B6%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%99%A8%E5%8F%8A%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E5%BA%93\" >4.3 \u6838\u5bf9\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u53ca\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#44_%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\" >4.4 \u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u767b\u5f55\u914d\u7f6e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#45_%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E7%82%B9\" >4.5 \u521b\u5efa\u8bbe\u5907\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#5_%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E5%8C%96_SELinux_%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE\" >5. \u914d\u7f6e\u6301\u4e45\u5316 SELinux \u6807\u7b7e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#6_%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E5%B9%B6%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E7%94%9F%E6%95%88\" >6. \u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u5907\u6302\u8f7d\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u751f\u6548<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#7_%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE_SSH_%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E9%9A%94%E7%A6%BB%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99\" >7. \u914d\u7f6e SSH \u7528\u6237\u9694\u79bb\u89c4\u5219<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#8_%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%B9%B6%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%BD\" >8. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u72ec\u7acb\u5bc6\u7801\u5e76\u91cd\u8f7d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#9_%E4%BB%8E%E5%85%AC%E7%BD%91%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0%E3%80%81%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%92%8C%E9%9A%94%E7%A6%BB\" >9. \u4ece\u516c\u7f51\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0a\u4f20\u3001\u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u9694\u79bb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#10_%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%8F%96%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6\" >10. \u8fd0\u7ef4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#11_%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5\" >11. \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#12_%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5%E5%9B%9E%E6%BB%9A\" >12. \u5931\u8d25\u56de\u6eda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/?p=3314\/#13_SFTP%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95\" >13. SFTP\u547d\u4ee4\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E5%92%8C%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F\"><\/span>1. \u8def\u5f84\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u9879\u76ee<\/th><th>\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u516c\u7f51 SFTP \u5730\u5740<\/td><td>xxx.com:22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5185\u7f51 SSH\/SFTP \u5730\u5740<\/td><td><code>192.168.1.1:22<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/td><td><code>test<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Linux \u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td><td><code>\/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ChrootDirectory<\/td><td><code>\/data\/sftp\/test<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5ba2\u6237\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>\/upload<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u771f\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>\/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/td><td><code>sftpusers<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SSH \u516c\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>\/etc\/ssh\/authorized_keys\/test<\/code>\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8bbe\u5907\u6302\u8f7d\u670d\u52a1<\/td><td><code>test-jail-devices.service<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5ba2\u6237\u4e0a\u4f20 <code>\/upload\/example.csv<\/code>\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f <code>\/data\/sftp\/test\/upload\/example.csv<\/code>\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230 <code>\/data<\/code> \u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u767b\u5f55\u540e <code>\/<\/code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u7684 <code>\/data\/sftp\/test<\/code>\u3002\u73af\u5883\u5185\u5305\u542b\u8fd0\u884c SSH\/SFTP \u6240\u9700\u7684 <code>usr<\/code>\u3001<code>etc<\/code>\u3001<code>dev<\/code> \u7b49\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u5199\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 <code>upload<\/code>\u3002\u672c\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4fdd\u7559 shell \u7684 chroot \u914d\u7f6e\uff1bchroot \u4e3b\u8981\u9650\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u9694\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%8E%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83\"><\/span>2. \u51c6\u5907\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0e\u68c0\u67e5\u73af\u5883<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9996\u6b21\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ca\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5e94\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u6388\u6743\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">dnf install -y openssh-server openssh-clients bash coreutils glibc ncurses-libs policycoreutils-python-utils audit<br>ssh-keygen -A<br>rpm -q openssh-server bash coreutils glibc<br>uname -m<br>getenforce<br>semanage login -l<br>getsebool ssh_chroot_rw_homedirs<br>ls -ldZ \/data \/data\/sftp<br>df -h \/data<br>ls -l \/usr\/bin\/bash \/usr\/libexec\/openssh\/sftp-server<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u4f8b\u91c7\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 <code>unconfined_u<\/code> \u767b\u5f55\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u53d7\u9650 SELinux \u767b\u5f55\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u5916\u6838\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u89d2\u8272\u548c chroot \u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8bb0\u5f55 SELinux \u5f00\u5173\u548c\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u3001\u540c\u540d\u7ec4\u3001\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u516c\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u8bbe\u5907\u670d\u52a1\u5e94\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u63d0\u793a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u9996\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u524d\u7684\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5df2\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">getent passwd test<br>getent group test<br>getent group sftpusers<br>ls -ld \/data\/sftp\/test<br>ls -l \/etc\/systemd\/system\/test-jail-devices.service<br>ls -l \/etc\/ssh\/authorized_keys\/test<br>grep -nE '^(Include|Match|Subsystem)' \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<br>\/usr\/sbin\/sshd -t<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>\/data<\/code> \u548c <code>\/data\/sftp<\/code> \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6807\u7b7e\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c 5 \u8282\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3a\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5df2\u6709\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u5e94\u5148\u8bc4\u4f30\u6807\u7b7e\u8c03\u6574\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BD_SSH_%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%B9%B6%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7\"><\/span>3. \u5907\u4efd SSH \u914d\u7f6e\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cp -a \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config.before-test-20261104-153002<br>groupadd sftpusers<br>useradd -M -U -G sftpusers -d \/data\/sftp\/test\/upload -s \/bin\/bash test<br>chage -m 0 -M 99999 -W 7 -I -1 -E -1 test<br>id test<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>groupadd sftpusers<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u9996\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff1b\u7b2c 2 \u8282\u5df2\u7ecf\u67e5\u5230\u8be5\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624b\u5de5\u8df3\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<code>-M<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c<code>-U<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u7ec4\u3002<code>sftpusers<\/code> \u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u5165 <code>wheel<\/code>\uff0c\u4e0d\u6388\u4e88 sudo \u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%E4%BB%8E%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E9%9A%94%E7%A6%BB%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83\"><\/span>4. \u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u5efa\u7acb\u9694\u79bb\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">chroot \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u4e0a\u7ea7\u8def\u5f84\u5fc5\u987b\u7531 root \u62e5\u6709\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u7ec4\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5199\u5165\u3002\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55\u5355\u72ec\u5efa\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/man.openbsd.org\/sshd_config#ChrootDirectory\">OpenSSH \u5b98\u65b9\u8bf4\u660e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"41_%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95\"><\/span>4.1 \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 <code>\/data<\/code> \u548c <code>\/data\/sftp<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u9996\u6b21\u51c6\u5907\u670d\u52a1\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u627f\u8f7d\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u5176\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u76f2\u76ee\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data<br>install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data\/sftp<br>install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data\/sftp\/test<br>install -d -o test -g sftpusers -m 0750 \/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<br>install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr<br>install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/bin<br>install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib<br>install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64<br>install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/libexec\/openssh<br>install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc<br>install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev<br>ln -s usr\/bin \/data\/sftp\/test\/bin<br>ln -s usr\/lib \/data\/sftp\/test\/lib<br>ln -s usr\/lib64 \/data\/sftp\/test\/lib64<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"42_%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6_Bash%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C_SFTP_%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F\"><\/span>4.2 \u590d\u5236 Bash\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u548c SFTP \u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u672c\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u590d\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<code>cp -L<\/code> \u5c06\u6e90\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u6743\u9650\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u5931\u6548\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684 umask \u5bfc\u81f4\u5ba2\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/usr\/bin\/bash \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/bin\/bash<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/usr\/bin\/ls \/usr\/bin\/cp \/usr\/bin\/mv \/usr\/bin\/rm \/usr\/bin\/mkdir \/usr\/bin\/rmdir \/usr\/bin\/cat \/usr\/bin\/touch \/usr\/bin\/id \/usr\/bin\/pwd \/usr\/bin\/whoami \/usr\/bin\/chmod \/usr\/bin\/head \/usr\/bin\/tail \/usr\/bin\/wc \/usr\/bin\/stat \/usr\/bin\/date \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/bin\/<br>ln -s bash \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/bin\/sh<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/usr\/libexec\/openssh\/sftp-server \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/libexec\/openssh\/sftp-server<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"43_%E6%A0%B8%E5%AF%B9%E5%B9%B6%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%99%A8%E5%8F%8A%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E5%BA%93\"><\/span>4.3 \u6838\u5bf9\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u53ca\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f9d\u8d56\u968f\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\u548c\u67b6\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u673a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u518d\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u663e\u5f0f\u590d\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<code>linux-vdso.so.1<\/code> \u7531\u5185\u6838\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\uff1b\u53d1\u73b0 <code>not found<\/code> \u65f6\u5148\u4fee\u590d\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ldd \/usr\/bin\/bash<br>ldd \/usr\/bin\/ls \/usr\/bin\/cp \/usr\/bin\/mv \/usr\/bin\/rm \/usr\/bin\/mkdir \/usr\/bin\/rmdir \/usr\/bin\/cat \/usr\/bin\/touch \/usr\/bin\/id \/usr\/bin\/pwd \/usr\/bin\/whoami \/usr\/bin\/chmod \/usr\/bin\/head \/usr\/bin\/tail \/usr\/bin\/wc \/usr\/bin\/stat \/usr\/bin\/date<br>ldd \/usr\/libexec\/openssh\/sftp-server<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a CentOS Stream 9 x86_64 \u5bf9\u5e94\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8986\u76d6\u672c\u673a <code>ldd<\/code> \u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u5b9e\u9645\u5e93\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u5e93\u540d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5e94\u624b\u5de5\u66ff\u6362\u6216\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u590d\u5236\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/lib64\/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/lib64\/libc.so.6 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libc.so.6<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/lib64\/libtinfo.so.6 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libtinfo.so.6<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/lib64\/libselinux.so.1 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libselinux.so.1<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/lib64\/libpcre2-8.so.0 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libpcre2-8.so.0<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/lib64\/libcap.so.2 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libcap.so.2<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/lib64\/libacl.so.1 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libacl.so.1<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/lib64\/libattr.so.1 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libattr.so.1<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/lib64\/libcrypto.so.3 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libcrypto.so.3<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/lib64\/libz.so.1 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libz.so.1<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/usr\/lib64\/libnss_files.so.2 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libnss_files.so.2<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/usr\/lib64\/libnss_dns.so.2 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libnss_dns.so.2<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/usr\/lib64\/libresolv.so.2 \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/libresolv.so.2<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65b0\u589e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5e93\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"44_%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\"><\/span>4.4 \u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u767b\u5f55\u914d\u7f6e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b0\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5b9e\u9645 UID\/GID\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883\u5185\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u5b57\u6bb5\u6539\u4e3a <code>\/upload<\/code>\u3002\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u5bc6\u7801\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">getent passwd root test &gt; \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/passwd<br>sed -i 's|:\/data\/sftp\/test\/upload:|:\/upload:|' \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/passwd<br>getent group root test sftpusers &gt; \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/group<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/etc\/localtime \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/localtime<br>cp -L --preserve=mode,timestamps \/etc\/hosts \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/hosts<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>cat<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6807\u8bb0\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 <code>EOF<\/code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u8981\u5199\u5165\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6b63\u6587\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6574\u6bb5\u590d\u5236\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cat &gt; \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt;'EOF'<br>passwd: files<br>group: files<br>shadow: files<br>hosts: files<br>EOF<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cat &gt; \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/profile &lt;&lt;'EOF'<br>umask 077<br>cd \/upload<br>EOF<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">chown root:root \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/passwd \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/group \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/nsswitch.conf \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/profile<br>chmod 0644 \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/passwd \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/group \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/nsswitch.conf \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc\/profile<br>install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/data\/sftp\/test\/data\/sftp\/test<br>ln -s \/upload \/data\/sftp\/test\/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Linux \u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3a <code>\/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<\/code>\u3002\u5728\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883\u5185\u8865\u9f50\u540c\u540d\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411 <code>\/upload<\/code>\uff0c\u4f7f SSH \u548c SFTP \u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"45_%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E7%82%B9\"><\/span>4.5 \u521b\u5efa\u8bbe\u5907\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b2c 6 \u8282\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u670d\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6302\u8f7d\u5b9e\u9645\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">install -o root -g root -m 0644 \/dev\/null \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/null<br>install -o root -g root -m 0644 \/dev\/null \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/zero<br>install -o root -g root -m 0644 \/dev\/null \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/tty<br>install -o root -g root -m 0644 \/dev\/null \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/random<br>install -o root -g root -m 0644 \/dev\/null \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/urandom<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6302\u8f7d\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u4e1a\u52a1\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u628a\u6574\u4e2a <code>\/dev<\/code>\u3001<code>\/proc<\/code> \u6216 <code>\/sys<\/code> \u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E5%8C%96_SELinux_%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE\"><\/span>5. \u914d\u7f6e\u6301\u4e45\u5316 SELinux \u6807\u7b7e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u673a SELinux \u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 <code>semanage fcontext<\/code> \u4fdd\u5b58\u8def\u5f84\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>restorecon<\/code> \u5e94\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5206\u522b\u6309\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a <code>\/usr<\/code>\u3001<code>\/etc<\/code> \u548c <code>\/dev<\/code> \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\u6807\u8bb0\uff1b\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u5730\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u793a\u4f8b\u8def\u5f84\u5c1a\u672a\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u65b0\u589e\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u9996\u6b21\u914d\u7f6e\uff1b\u89c4\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u5e94\u6838\u67e5\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">semanage fcontext -l -C<br>semanage fcontext -a -t var_t '\/data'<br>semanage fcontext -a -t home_root_t '\/data\/sftp'<br>semanage fcontext -a -t user_home_dir_t '\/data\/sftp\/test'<br>semanage fcontext -a -t user_home_t '\/data\/sftp\/test\/upload(\/.*)?'<br>semanage fcontext -a -t var_t '\/data\/sftp\/test\/data(\/.*)?'<br>semanage fcontext -a -t usr_t '\/data\/sftp\/test\/(bin|lib|lib64)'<br>semanage fcontext -a -e \/usr \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr<br>semanage fcontext -a -e \/etc \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc<br>semanage fcontext -a -e \/dev \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev<br>restorecon -v \/data \/data\/sftp<br>restorecon -RFv \/data\/sftp\/test<br>ls -Zd \/data \/data\/sftp \/data\/sftp\/test \/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<br>ls -lZ \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/bin\/bash \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/bin\/ls \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/lib64\/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9\u51c6\u5907\u7ed9\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u5df2\u6709\u5171\u4eab <code>\/data<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u9012\u5f52\u91cd\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5141\u8bb8 SSH chroot \u4f1a\u8bdd\u8bfb\u5199\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">setsebool -P ssh_chroot_rw_homedirs on<br>getsebool ssh_chroot_rw_homedirs<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5e03\u5c14\u5f00\u5173\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u7ea7\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 SSH chroot \u57df\uff1bUNIX \u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u6743\u9650\u4ecd\u9700\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u5b9e\u65bd\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u539f\u503c\uff0c\u56de\u6eda\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4ed6\u8d26\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5173\u95ed SELinux\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u62d2\u7edd\u65e5\u5fd7\u5168\u90e8\u8f6c\u4e3a\u653e\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/fedora-selinux\/selinux-policy\/blob\/rawhide\/policy\/modules\/services\/ssh.te\">SELinux SSH \u7b56\u7565\u6e90\u7801<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.redhat.com\/en\/documentation\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/9\/html-single\/using_selinux\/index\">Red Hat \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u8bf4\u660e<\/a>\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5f00\u5173\u4ee5\u672c\u673a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E5%B9%B6%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E7%94%9F%E6%95%88\"><\/span>6. \u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u5907\u6302\u8f7d\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u751f\u6548<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fdd\u7559 SSH shell \u65f6\u9700\u8981 <code>\/dev\/null<\/code> \u7b49\u6700\u5c0f\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u6574\u4e2a <code>\/dev<\/code> \u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cat &gt; \/etc\/systemd\/system\/test-jail-devices.service &lt;&lt;'EOF'<br>[Unit]<br>Description=Minimal safe devices for the test SSH and SFTP jail<br>RequiresMountsFor=\/data\/sftp\/test\/dev<br>After=local-fs.target<br>Before=sshd.service<br>ConditionPathIsDirectory=\/data\/sftp\/test\/dev<br><br>[Service]<br>Type=oneshot<br>RemainAfterExit=yes<br>ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/mount -o bind,nosuid,noexec \/dev\/null \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/null<br>ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/mount -o bind,nosuid,noexec \/dev\/zero \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/zero<br>ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/mount -o bind,nosuid,noexec \/dev\/tty \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/tty<br>ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/mount -o bind,nosuid,noexec \/dev\/random \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/random<br>ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/mount -o bind,nosuid,noexec \/dev\/urandom \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/urandom<br>ExecStop=-\/usr\/bin\/umount \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/urandom<br>ExecStop=-\/usr\/bin\/umount \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/random<br>ExecStop=-\/usr\/bin\/umount \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/tty<br>ExecStop=-\/usr\/bin\/umount \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/zero<br>ExecStop=-\/usr\/bin\/umount \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/null<br><br>[Install]<br>WantedBy=multi-user.target<br>EOF<br><br>restorecon \/etc\/systemd\/system\/test-jail-devices.service<br>systemctl daemon-reload<br>systemctl enable --now test-jail-devices.service<br>systemctl is-active test-jail-devices.service<br>systemctl is-enabled test-jail-devices.service<br>findmnt -rn -o TARGET,SOURCE,OPTIONS | grep -F \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>Type=oneshot<\/code> \u914d\u5408 <code>RemainAfterExit=yes<\/code>\uff0c\u4f7f\u6302\u8f7d\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u670d\u52a1\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301 active\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u5378\u8f7d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedesktop.org\/software\/systemd\/man\/latest\/systemd.service.html#RemainAfterExit=\">systemd \u5b98\u65b9\u8bf4\u660e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE_SSH_%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E9%9A%94%E7%A6%BB%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99\"><\/span>7. \u914d\u7f6e SSH \u7528\u6237\u9694\u79bb\u89c4\u5219<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8f91\u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5168\u5c40\u533a\u57df\u6709\u4e14\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u542f\u7528\u7684 SFTP \u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u6240\u6709 <code>Match<\/code> \u5757\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u590d\u8ffd\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">vi \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5168\u5c40\u533a\u57df\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Subsystem sftp \/usr\/libexec\/openssh\/sftp-server<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ca\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u7b2c 4 \u8282\u590d\u5236\u5230\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u5217 <code>Match User<\/code> \u5757\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u5168\u5c40 <code>Subsystem<\/code> \u7b49\u6307\u4ee4\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5df2\u6709 <code>Match<\/code> \u5757\u5185\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">install -d -o root -g root -m 0755 \/etc\/ssh\/authorized_keys<br>install -o root -g root -m 0600 \/dev\/null \/etc\/ssh\/authorized_keys\/test<br>restorecon \/etc\/ssh\/authorized_keys\/test<br><br>cat &gt;&gt; \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config &lt;&lt;'EOF'<br><br># Isolate test in its own SSH and SFTP directory.<br>Match User test<br>    ChrootDirectory \/data\/sftp\/test<br>    ForceCommand none<br>    DisableForwarding yes<br>    PermitTTY yes<br>    PermitUserRC no<br>    AuthorizedKeysFile \/etc\/ssh\/authorized_keys\/test<br>    PubkeyAuthentication yes<br>    PasswordAuthentication yes<br>    KbdInteractiveAuthentication no<br>    AuthenticationMethods any<br>EOF<br><br>\/usr\/sbin\/sshd -t<br>\/usr\/sbin\/sshd -T -C \"user=test,host=localhost,addr=127.0.0.1\" | grep -E '^(chrootdirectory|forcecommand|disableforwarding|permittty|permituserrc|authorizedkeysfile|passwordauthentication|pubkeyauthentication|authenticationmethods) '<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5173\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u914d\u7f6e<\/th><th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>ChrootDirectory<\/code><\/td><td>\u628a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u9650\u5236\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u76ee\u5f55\u5185<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ForceCommand none<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fdd\u7559\u6b63\u5e38 shell \u548c SFTP\uff0cshell \u4f9d\u8d56 jail \u5185\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5e93<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>DisableForwarding yes<\/code><\/td><td>\u7981\u6b62 OpenSSH \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u529f\u80fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>PermitTTY yes<\/code><\/td><td>\u5141\u8bb8\u4ea4\u4e92\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>PermitUserRC no<\/code><\/td><td>\u7981\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 SSH rc \u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u72ec\u7acb <code>AuthorizedKeysFile<\/code><\/td><td>\u516c\u94a5\u7531 root \u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e0d\u6cbf\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u5bc6\u94a5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>AuthenticationMethods any<\/code><\/td><td>\u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u542f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u94a5\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>DisableForwarding<\/code> \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5355\u72ec\u6784\u6210 shell \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u5982\u9700\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u5916\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u6388\u6743\u76f8\u5e94\u7b56\u7565\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/man.openbsd.org\/sshd_config#DisableForwarding\">OpenSSH \u5b98\u65b9\u8bf4\u660e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%B9%B6%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%BD\"><\/span>8. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u72ec\u7acb\u5bc6\u7801\u5e76\u91cd\u8f7d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 16 \u4f4d\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u4e92\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u5bc6\u7801\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u8fdb\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u804a\u5929\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u672c\u624b\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">passwd test<br>passwd -S test<br><br># \u8bed\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u540e\u624d\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4e0d\u91cd\u542f sshd \u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<br>\/usr\/sbin\/sshd -t<br>systemctl enable --now sshd<br>systemctl reload sshd<br>systemctl is-active sshd<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>passwd<\/code> \u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u9650\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\u6070\u597d\u4e3a 16 \u4f4d\uff1b\u957f\u5ea6\u7531\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u63a7\u5236\u3002<code>passwd -S<\/code> \u53ea\u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_%E4%BB%8E%E5%85%AC%E7%BD%91%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0%E3%80%81%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%92%8C%E9%9A%94%E7%A6%BB\"><\/span>9. \u4ece\u516c\u7f51\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0a\u4f20\u3001\u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u9694\u79bb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u63d0\u793a\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u9996\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u4fe1\u5185\u7f51\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6307\u7eb9\u6838\u5bf9\u516c\u7f51\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\u518d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e3b\u673a\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4ecd\u4e3a test\u3002<br>sftp -P 22 test@xxx.com<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fdb\u5165 SFTP \u540e\uff0c\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">pwd<br>ls \/<br>cd \/upload<br>put test-sftp-check-20261104.txt<br>get test-sftp-check-20261104.txt test-sftp-check-20261104.download.txt<br>ls \/root<br>ls \/etc\/shadow<br>rm test-sftp-check-20261104.txt<br>bye<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a <code>\/upload<\/code>\uff0c\u4e0a\u4f20\u548c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6210\u529f\uff1b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6216 SHA-256 \u4e00\u81f4\uff1b\u53d7\u9650\u8def\u5f84\u5747\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u5df1\u521a\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u5ba2\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u9700\u6d4b\u8bd5 SSH shell\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ssh -p 22 test@xxx.com<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">id<br>pwd<br>ls -ld \/root<br>ls -l \/etc\/shadow<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540e\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5747\u5e94\u63d0\u793a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u4eba\u5de5\u786e\u8ba4\u9694\u79bb\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f1a\u8bdd\u590d\u6838\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">id test<br>namei -l \/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<br>stat -c '%A %U:%G %n' \/data\/sftp\/test \/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<br>systemctl is-active sshd test-jail-devices.service<br>systemctl is-enabled test-jail-devices.service<br>\/usr\/sbin\/sshd -t<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u9884\u671f\u4e3a <code>root:root 0755<\/code>\uff0c\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a <code>test:sftpusers 0750<\/code>\u3002\u76f8\u540c <code>sftpusers<\/code> \u7ec4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u672c\u673a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5177\u5907\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7ec4\u8bfb\u53d6\/\u8fdb\u5165\u6743\u9650\uff1b\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba2\u6237\u95f4\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7531\u5404\u81ea\u7684 chroot \u9694\u79bb\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u6c42\u672c\u673a\u975e\u7279\u6743\u8d26\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u4e25\u683c\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u5e94\u53e6\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u7acb\u7ec4\u6216 <code>0700<\/code>\uff0c\u672c\u4f8b\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%8F%96%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6\"><\/span>10. \u8fd0\u7ef4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u8fd0\u884c\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/th><th>\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SFTP \u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a<\/td><td>\u8bfb\u53d6 <code>\/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<\/code>\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d26\u53f7\u9700\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/td><td>\u7ecf SFTP \u8bfb\u53d6 <code>xxx.com:22<\/code> \u7684 <code>\/upload<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Docker \u5bb9\u5668<\/td><td>\u6309\u9700\u5c06\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u9014\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u8bfb<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bb9\u5668\u6302\u8f7d\u793a\u4f8b\u7247\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">volumes:<br>  - \/data\/sftp\/test\/upload:\/incoming\/test:ro<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8be5\u6302\u8f7d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u91c7\u96c6\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5355\u72ec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bb9\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 UID\/GID \u6743\u9650\u548c SELinux \u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\uff1b\u4e0d\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bb9\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u76ee\u5f55\u6539\u4e3a <code>777<\/code>\uff0c\u6216\u968f\u610f\u91cd\u6807\u8bb0\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91c7\u96c6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e0a\u4f20\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5148\u4f20\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6539\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8bfb\u5230\u5c1a\u672a\u4e0a\u4f20\u5b8c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u662f\u5426\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6216\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u5e94\u7531\u91c7\u96c6\u6d41\u7a0b\u53e6\u884c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5\"><\/span>11. \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">journalctl -u sshd --since '-15 min' --no-pager<br>journalctl -u test-jail-devices.service --since '-15 min' --no-pager<br>namei -l \/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<br>ls -lZ \/data\/sftp\/test \/data\/sftp\/test\/upload \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr\/bin\/bash<br>findmnt -rn -o TARGET,SOURCE,OPTIONS | grep -F \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev\/<br><br># \u5b89\u88c5\u4e86 audit \u5de5\u5177\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u8fd1\u671f SELinux \u62d2\u7edd\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<br>ausearch -m AVC,USER_AVC -ts recent -i<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u73b0\u8c61<\/th><th>\u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u5411<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>bad ownership or modes for chroot directory<\/code><\/td><td>chroot \u6839\u53ca\u5176\u4e0a\u7ea7\u8def\u5f84\u5fc5\u987b\u7531 root \u62e5\u6709\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u7ec4\/\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5199\u5165<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5bc6\u7801\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u65ad\u5f00\u6216\u63d0\u793a shell \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td><td>jail \u5185 bash\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u548c SELinux \u62d2\u7edd\u8bb0\u5f55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SFTP subsystem \u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25<\/td><td>\u5168\u5c40 Subsystem \u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca jail \u5185 sftp-server \u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td>jail \u5185 <code>\/data\/sftp\/test\/upload -&gt; \/upload<\/code> \u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a upload \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u4f46\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25<\/td><td>upload \u7684 UID\/GID\u30010750 \u6743\u9650\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c SELinux \u6807\u7b7e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u5f02\u5e38<\/td><td>\u8bbe\u5907\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426 enabled\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u5426\u6302\u8f7d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u516c\u7f51\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25<\/td><td>\u793a\u4f8b\u7aef\u53e3\u4e3a 22\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u516c\u7f51\u6620\u5c04\u7aef\u53e3\uff1b\u68c0\u67e5 DNS\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c NAT \u6620\u5c04<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5%E5%9B%9E%E6%BB%9A\"><\/span>12. \u5931\u8d25\u56de\u6eda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u8d26\u53f7\u548c\u65b0\u589e\u73af\u5883\uff0c<strong>\u53ea\u6709\u786e\u8ba4\u56de\u6eda\u5df2\u83b7\u6388\u6743\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u5c1a\u672a\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e14\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u624d\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\u3002\u5148\u7ed3\u675f\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u5ba2\u6237\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u968f\u672c\u4f8b\u81ea\u52a8\u5378\u8f7d\u6216\u5220\u9664\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u5b8c\u6574 SSH \u5907\u4efd\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\u5230\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u7ef4\u62a4\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u5b8c\u5168\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u6b21\u65b0\u589e\u8d26\u53f7\u914d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u7ee7\u7eed\u6062\u590d\u6574\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7ef4\u62a4\u53d8\u66f4\u65f6\uff0c\u624b\u5de5\u4ec5\u79fb\u9664\u672c\u7528\u6237\u7684 <code>Match<\/code> \u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -l \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config.before-test-20261104-153002<br>diff -u \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config.before-test-20261104-153002 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u786e\u8ba4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u540e\uff0c\u9010\u6761\u6267\u884c\uff1b<code>sshd -t<\/code> \u65e0\u62a5\u9519\u540e\u624d\u6267\u884c\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cp -a \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config.before-test-20261104-153002 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<br>\/usr\/sbin\/sshd -t<br>systemctl reload sshd<br>systemctl disable --now test-jail-devices.service<br>findmnt -R \/data\/sftp\/test<br>findmnt -rn -o TARGET<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u68c0\u67e5\u6302\u8f7d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4 <code>\/data\/sftp\/test<\/code> \u53ca\u5176\u5168\u90e8\u5b50\u8def\u5f84\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u6302\u8f7d\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u6b8b\u7559\u6302\u8f7d\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5148\u67e5\u6e05\u5e76\u5378\u8f7d\u3002\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u6302\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5220\u9664\u65b0\u589e\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u516c\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rm \/etc\/systemd\/system\/test-jail-devices.service<br>systemctl daemon-reload<br>rm \/etc\/ssh\/authorized_keys\/test<br>userdel test<br>getent group test<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>userdel<\/code> \u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u540c\u540d\u4e3b\u7ec4\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4ecd\u8fd4\u56de <code>test<\/code> \u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u624b\u5de5\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u67e5\u8be2\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\u65f6\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">groupdel test<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u540e\u4eba\u5de5\u6838\u5bf9\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7684\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u672c\u6b21\u65b0\u5efa\u7684 <code>\/data\/sftp\/test<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53e6\u884c\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u5148\u4fdd\u7559\u76ee\u5f55\u5b8c\u6210\u6807\u7b7e\u89c4\u5219\u6838\u5bf9\uff0c\u518d\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">realpath -e \/data\/sftp\/test<br>ls -ld \/data\/sftp\/test<br>ls -la \/data\/sftp\/test\/upload<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u4e13\u7528\u7684 SELinux \u8def\u5f84\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u672c\u624b\u518c\u65b0\u589e\u4e14\u4ecd\u7531\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u72ec\u5360\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1b<code>\/data<\/code>\u3001<code>\/data\/sftp<\/code> \u53ca\u4e3b\u673a\u7ea7\u5e03\u5c14\u5f00\u5173\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5171\u4eab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6309\u5b9e\u65bd\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u5355\u72ec\u8bc4\u4f30\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5957\u7528\u672c\u6bb5\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">semanage fcontext -d -e \/usr \/data\/sftp\/test\/usr<br>semanage fcontext -d -e \/etc \/data\/sftp\/test\/etc<br>semanage fcontext -d -e \/dev \/data\/sftp\/test\/dev<br>semanage fcontext -d '\/data\/sftp\/test\/(bin|lib|lib64)'<br>semanage fcontext -d '\/data\/sftp\/test\/data(\/.*)?'<br>semanage fcontext -d '\/data\/sftp\/test\/upload(\/.*)?'<br>semanage fcontext -d '\/data\/sftp\/test'<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6838\u5bf9\u65e0\u8bef\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664\uff1b\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>userdel -r<\/code> \u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rm -rf --one-file-system \/data\/sftp\/test<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c SSH \u914d\u7f6e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u540e\u7eed\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5e94\u624b\u5de5\u53ea\u79fb\u9664\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b8c\u6574 <code>Match<\/code> \u5757\uff0c\u518d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\uff1b\u4e0d\u8981\u6062\u590d\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u8986\u76d6\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_SFTP%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95\"><\/span>13. SFTP\u547d\u4ee4\u6d4b\u8bd5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fde\u63a5\u547d\u4ee4\uff08<code>-P<\/code> \u5927\u5199\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sftp -P 22 test@xxx.com<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u767b\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u5728 <code>sftp&gt;<\/code> \u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u7528\u9014<\/th><th>\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u67e5\u770b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>pwd<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u67e5\u770b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>ls -lh<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u67e5\u770b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>ls -la<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5207\u6362\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>cd \/upload<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u5730\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>lpwd<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5207\u6362\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>lcd D:\/download<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>put report.csv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0a\u4f20\u5e76\u6539\u540d<\/td><td><code>put report.csv \/upload\/report-new.csv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0a\u4f20\u591a\u4e2a CSV \u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>put *.csv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0a\u4f20\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>put -R reports<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>get report.csv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/td><td><code>get report.csv report-local.csv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u591a\u4e2a CSV \u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>get *.csv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>get -R reports<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20\u4e0a\u4f20<\/td><td><code>reput report.csv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/td><td><code>reget report.csv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u65b0\u5efa\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>mkdir reports<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>rename report.csv reports\/report.csv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5220\u9664\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>rm report.csv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5220\u9664\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>rmdir reports<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9<\/td><td><code>help<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u9000\u51fa<\/td><td><code>bye<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>put<\/code> \u4ece\u672c\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\uff0c<code>get<\/code> \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730\uff1b\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u672c\u5730\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u8def\u5f84\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u65f6\u52a0\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u7eed\u4f20\u65f6\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/man.openbsd.org\/sftp#INTERACTIVE_COMMANDS\">OpenSSH \u547d\u4ee4\u8bf4\u660e<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9002\u7528\u73af\u5883\uff1aCentOS Stream 9 \/ RHEL 9\uff0cx86_64\uff0cOpenSSH\uff0cSELinux En [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vxhs888p"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3314","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3314"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3323,"href":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3314\/revisions\/3323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3314"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3314"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linuxjk.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}